Hammertoe

What is hammer toe?

Hammer toe is when one of the smaller toes, usually the second toe, bends at the middle joint so that it takes on a curled shape, a bit like a hammer. The joint on top sticks up and easily rubs against your shoe, while the tip of the toe is pressed down against the sole.

Hammer toe often develops gradually. At first the toe can still be straightened, but over time it may become stiffer.

Common symptoms of hammer toe

  • Pain or pressure on top of the bent toe joint
  • Blisters, calluses, or corns on top of the toe
  • Tenderness under the tip of the toe or in the ball of the foot
  • Difficulty finding shoes that don't pinch
  • Stiffness in the toe

What causes hammer toe?

  • Tight or pointed shoes and high heels
  • Bunions (hallux valgus), where the big toe pushes against the neighboring toes
  • An imbalance in the toe's muscles and tendons
  • Genetics and the shape of your foot
  • Joint conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis

How to relieve hammer toe discomfort

The goal is to reduce pressure on the toe and give it more room in your shoe.

  • Choose shoes with a wide, deep toe box
  • Protect the toe joint with a soft silicone toe cap
  • Use toe separators to keep your toes apart
  • Take pressure off the ball of your foot with a forefoot pad
  • Move and stretch your toes regularly

One example is the toe separator for all 5 toes, which keeps the toes apart and can reduce rubbing between them.

When should you see a doctor?

See a doctor or other healthcare provider if the pain doesn't go away, if the toe becomes stiff and hard to straighten, if you get sores that won't heal, or if you have diabetes or reduced feeling in your feet.

Hammer toe FAQ

Can hammer toe go away on its own?

The toe rarely straightens out by itself, but the right shoes and pressure relief can reduce discomfort and slow its progression.

Do toe protectors help with hammer toe?

A soft toe protector can reduce pressure and rubbing against the shoe where the joint sticks up.

Do I need surgery?

No, most people manage with self-care. Surgery may be considered if the toe is stiff and the pain affects daily life.